Resumen:
The end of the 1980ies demonstrated the unsuccessfulness of the efforts of the Soviet Union and some other states within the Soviet bloc to reform the economical and political systems that had been in a long-term crisis. The superiority of the United States in decisive economical and political indicators became substantially more obvious in the competition of “superpowers”. In Europe, the advantages of the Western European integration won recognition. Militant Islamic fundamentalism, also interfering in Europe, was successfully on the rise in Asia and Africa. The “Soviet” system of that time lost its original attractiveness in these areas and ceased to have political influence. It was capable of offering neither economical, military or political advantages, nor attractive ideas and perspectives or political and individual freedoms that would gain broad popular support. Therefore, its orientation was defensive –to maintain present positions and safeguard status quo. The concept of “real socialism” became the expression of this ideology. It meant that the real socialism was the reality in the states within this bloc. The securing of the then situation in international relations was in the 1970ies still possible to preserve. |
